Sheikh Khaled Mosque is one of Gaza’s historic mosques, located in the heart of the city in the Al-Fawakhir area at the intersection of Al-Fawakhir and Al-Wehda Streets, within the Al-Daraj neighborhood of the Old City. To its northeast lies Sheikh Zakaria Mosque. The mosque consists of two sections—an old and a modern one. It was originally built during the Mamluk era in the 14th century (8th century AH), covering an area of 150 square meters. The old section lies on the eastern side, while the modern extension is on the western side. The mosque was named after Sheikh Khaled bin Shabeeb, who died in 749 AH (1348 CE). Sheikh Jaqmaq, the ancestor of the now-extinct Jaqmaq family, is also buried within the mosque. During the 1960s, under Egyptian administration of Gaza, part of the mosque was demolished to allow for street expansion, which reduced its size.

On 11 April 2024, Israeli occupation aircraft targeted Sheikh Khaled Mosque in the Al-Daraj neighborhood of eastern Gaza City, resulting in partial damage to the mosque.